Intégration économique et qualité de l’environnement en Afrique
Une approche en termes de Panel ARDL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23882/emss25114Palavras-chave:
Environnement, Intégration économique, Commerce, IDE, Afrique, Panel ARDL, Croissance économiqueResumo
Les pays africains se sont engagés dans la création des espaces de libre-échange considérés comme un moyen de consolider les liens commerciaux entre les nations africaines. Le commerce intra-africain est sensé relancer la croissance économique, améliorer les performances macroéconomiques et les standards de vie africains. Néanmoins, ces efforts risquent, selon des intuitions théoriques et des faits empiriques, d’être anéantis par des conséquences néfastes des échanges sur l’environnement qui sont à même d’entraver les réalisations en matière de développement durable et de réduction de la pauvreté sur le continent. Le présent papier vise à examiner l’impact environnemental du commerce intra-africain tout en intégrant les IDE, la croissance économique, l’urbanisation et la consommation d’énergie. L’étude a utilisé un ensemble de données de panel concernant 32 pays africains sur la période 1990-2020. L’analyse empirique s’est appuyée sur les dernières techniques d’estimation de panel. Plus précisément, nous avons mobilisé le test de causalité de Dumitrescu-Hurlin, la seconde génération de tests de racine unitaire sur données de panel et l’estimateur PMG pour estimer un Panel ARDL. Le terme de correction d’erreur dévoile l’existence d’une relation de cointégration entre CO2 et le commerce, l’IDE et les autres variables de contrôle. Les résultats trouvés suggèrent que le commerce intra-africain détériore à long terme la qualité de l’environnement en Afrique. De même, les IDE exercent un impact environnementale similaire corroborant ainsi l’hypothèse du "pollution heaven". En outre, les résultats ont infirmé l’existence de l’hypothèse de la courbe de Kuznets environnementale (EKC). La consommation d’énergie joue un rôle essentiel dans la détérioration de l’environnement à long terme. Enfin, l’urbanisation dégrade l’environnement conformément à l’intuition de la théorie de la transition environnementale urbaine.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Mouna Ouarhi, Mustapha ZIKY, Rachid OUCHCHIKH
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