Capacités dynamiques et transformation numérique hospitalière : étude qualitative au CHU Hassan II de Fès

Otman RAIS; Abdelhakim SMIMI; Abdellah ELBOUSSADI

doi:10.23882/ijdam.26345

Authors

Otman RAIS ENCG, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8751-7906
Abdelhakim SMIMI Ministère de l’Education Nationale, du Préscolaire et des Sports, Maroc
Abdellah ELBOUSSADI ENCG, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-6263

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23882/ijdam.26345

Keywords:

Capacité dynamique, transformation numérique hospitalière, hôpital public

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of dynamic capabilities in the digital transformation of Moroccan public hospitals, based on the case of Hassan II University Hospital in Fez. More specifically, it examines how the processes of sensing needs, seizing/mobilizing resources, and organizational reconfiguration structure this transformation.

The study adopts an interpretive qualitative approach based on a single case study. Data were collected through fifteen semi-structured interviews conducted with strategic, administrative, technical, and clinical-operational actors at the university hospital. Purposive sampling was used to cover the main profiles involved in hospital digital projects.

The data were analyzed using MAXQDA through a dual lexical and thematic approach. The findings show that digital transformation is not limited to the adoption of technological tools, but involves a reconfiguration of practices, routines, coordination, and hospital management.

The study concludes that dynamic capabilities provide a relevant framework for understanding the organizational conditions of digital transformation in Moroccan public hospitals.

Keywords: Dynamic capability; hospital digital transformation; public hospital; qualitative case study; MAXQDA.

References

Ahmad, M., & Wilkins, S. (2025). Purposive sampling in qualitative research : A framework for the entire journey. Quality & Quantity, 59(2), 1461 1479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-024-02022-5

Ahmed, S. K. (2024). The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 2, 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100051

Almahfouz, S. F., & Alrashed, A. M. (2025). Digital Transformation in Healthcare During the COVID-19 Pandemic : Insights from Saudi Arabian Healthcare Managers. In INTERNATIONAL AREA STUDIES REVIEW (Vol. 28, Numéro 1, p. 88 101). Center Int Area Studies. https://doi.org/10.69473/iasr.2025.28.1.88

Barreto, I. (2010). Dynamic Capabilities : A Review of Past Research and an Agenda for the Future. Journal of Management, 36(1), 256 280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309350776

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Can I use TA? Should I use TA? Should I not use TA? Comparing reflexive thematic analysis and other pattern‐based qualitative analytic approaches. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(1), 37 47. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12360

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2024). Supporting best practice in reflexive thematic analysis reporting in Palliative Medicine : A review of published research and introduction to the Reflexive Thematic Analysis Reporting Guidelines (RTARG). Palliative Medicine, 38(6), 608 616. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692163241234800

Ciasullo, M. V., Cosimato, S., & Ferrara, M. (2026). Exploring the microfoundations of digital transformation maturity : A focus on Italian healthcare organizations. In EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT (Vol. 29, Numéro 11, p. 1 26). EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2024-1185

Cioanta-Pacuraru, I. M. (2024). Aspects regarding the impact of digital transformation in the sector of medical services. In ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL-REVISTA ROMANA DE INFORMATICA SI AUTOMATICA (Vol. 34, Numéro 2). INST NATL CERCETARE-DEZVOLTARE INFORMATICA-ICI. https://doi.org/10.33436/v34i2y202410

Correia, L. M. A. de M., & Frank, A. G. (2025). Structuring resources in healthcare digital transformation : A comparison across public, private and research hospitals. In TECHNOVATION (Vol. 147). ELSEVIER. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103320

Cresswell, K., Jahn, F., Silsand, L., Woods, L., Postema, T., Logan, M., Malkic, S., & Ammenwerth, E. (2025). Assessing Digital Maturity of Hospitals : Viewpoint Comparing National Approaches in Five Countries. In JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH (Vol. 27). JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. https://doi.org/10.2196/57858

Denicolai, S., & Previtali, P. (2023). Innovation strategy and digital transformation execution in healthcare : The role of the general manager. In TECHNOVATION (Vol. 121). ELSEVIER. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102555

Duncan, R., Eden, R., Woods, L., Wong, I., & Sullivan, C. (2022). Synthesizing Dimensions of Digital Maturity in Hospitals : Systematic Review. In JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH (Vol. 24, Numéro 3). JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. https://doi.org/10.2196/32994

Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities : What are they? Strategic Management Journal, 21(10 11), 1105 1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11%253C1105::AID-SMJ133%253E3.0.CO;2-E

Fonda, F., Galazzi, A., Chiappinotto, S., Justi, L., Frydensberg, M. S., Boesen, R. L., Macur, M., Reig, E. A., Espaulella, E. R., & Palese, A. (2024). Healthcare System Digital Transformation across Four European Countries : A Multiple-Case Study. In HEALTHCARE (Vol. 12, Numéro 1). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010016

Galdiero, C., Marrapodi, R., Mele, S., Scaletti, A., & Martinez, M. (2025). Mapping digital transformation and social impact in Italian healthcare : A holistic evaluation of organizational digital maturity. In BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH (Vol. 25, Numéro 1). BMC. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13473-3

Geada, N., Alturas, B., & Anunciacao, P. (2024). Investigating the interplay between organisational change and digital transformation healthcare. In INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Vol. 21, Numéros 3 4). INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHTM.2024.149025

Gleiss, A., & Lewandowski, S. (2022). Removing barriers for digital health through organizing ambidexterity in hospitals. In JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG (Vol. 30, Numéro 1, p. 21 35). SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01532-y

Helfat, C. E., Finkelstein, S., Mitchell, W., Peteraf, M., Singh, H., Teece, D., & Winter, S. G. (2009). Dynamic capabilities: Understanding strategic change in organizations. John Wiley & Sons.

Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2022). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research : A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523

Hospodkova, P., Berezna, J., Bartak, M., Rogalewicz, V., Severova, L., & Svoboda, R. (2021). Change Management and Digital Innovations in Hospitals of Five European Countries. In HEALTHCARE (Vol. 9, Numéro 11). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111508

Huang, C.-W., Lai, Y.-C., Chiu, C.-Y., Jan, P.-T., & Chen, Y.-H. (2023). Key Strategies for Digital Transformation-A Non-medical Center Hospital in Taiwan as An Example. In JOURNAL OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGY (Vol. 24, Numéro 2, p. 389 400). LIBRARY & INFORMATION CENTER, NAT DONG HWA UNIV. https://doi.org/10.53106/160792642023032402017

Kizito, M. (2019). Digital resource Orchestration in Healthcare : The Case of Västra Götaland Region. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2019.458

Kokshagina, O. (2021). Managing shifts to value-based healthcare and value digitalization as a multi-level dynamic capability development process. In TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE (Vol. 172). ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121072

Lim, W. M. (2025). What Is Qualitative Research? An Overview and Guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(2), 199 229. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619

Lochmiller, C. R., Cho, Y., & Lester, J. N. (2026). Designing Trustworthy Qualitative HRD Research : Methodological Considerations. Human Resource Development Review, 15344843261419651. https://doi.org/10.1177/15344843261419651

Mauro, M., Noto, G., Prenestini, A., & Sarto, F. (2024). Digital transformation in healthcare : Assessing the role of digital technologies for managerial support processes. In TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE (Vol. 209). ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123781

Merino-Barbancho, B., & Fico, G. (2025). Understanding Change Management in Hospital Context with the Integration of Digital Technologies. In V. Duffy (Éd.), HCI INTERNATIONAL 2024-LATE BREAKING PAPERS, HCII 2024, PT III (Vol. 15376, p. 144 153). SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76809-5_11

Mettler, T., & Pinto, R. (2018). Evolutionary paths and influencing factors towards digital maturity : An analysis of the status quo in Swiss hospitals. In TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE (Vol. 133, p. 104 117). ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.03.009

Mmako, M. J., & Kgopa, A. T. (2025). A framework for assessing cloud-computing readiness in Limpopo provincial hospitals. In SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (Vol. 27, Numéro 1). AOSIS. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v27i1.1916

Priya, A. (2021). Case Study Methodology of Qualitative Research : Key Attributes and Navigating the Conundrums in Its Application. Sociological Bulletin, 70(1), 94 110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022920970318

Raimo, N., De Turi, I., Albergo, F., & Vitolla, F. (2023). The drivers of the digital transformation in the healthcare industry : An empirical analysis in Italian hospitals. In TECHNOVATION (Vol. 121). ELSEVIER. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102558

Schlunegger, M. C., Zumstein-Shaha, M., & Palm, R. (2024). Methodologic and Data-Analysis Triangulation in Case Studies : A Scoping Review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 46(8), 611 622. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459241263011

Sermontyte-Baniule, R., Pundziene, A., Gimenez, V., & Narbon-Perpina, I. (2022). Role of Cultural Dimensions and Dynamic Capabilities in the Value-based Performance of Digital Healthcare Services. In TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE (Vol. 176). ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121490

Stanimirovic, D., & Stanimirovic, T. (2025). Beyond the Speculation : Mapping the Real Impacts of Digitalization on the Slovenian Healthcare Business Model. In CENTRAL EUROPEAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW (Vol. 23, Numéro 2, p. 301 326). UNIV LJUBLJANA PRESS. https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2025.2.11

Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities : The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319 1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640

Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509 533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7%253C509::AID-SMJ882%253E3.0.CO;2-Z

Tenggono, E., Soetjipto, B. W., & Sudhartio, L. (2024). Managing digital transformations : The intermediary function of digital readiness in facilitating strategic renewal within the healthcare industry. In COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT (Vol. 11, Numéro 1). TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2423276

Tenggono, E., Soetjipto, B. W., & Sudhartio, L. (2025). Dynamic managerial capabilities in action : Advancing strategic agility and digital readiness in healthcare organizations. In JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT (Vol. 38, Numéro 3, p. 548 568). EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-12-2024-0772

van de Wetering, R., Versendaal, J., & Walraven, P. (2018). Examining the relationship between a hospital’s IT infrastructure capability and digital capabilities : A resource-based perspective Completed Research. In AMCIS 2018 PROCEEDINGS. ASSOC INFORMATION SYSTEMS.

Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Qi Dong, J., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation : A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889 901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022

Vial, G. (2019). Understanding digital transformation : A review and a research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003

Warner, K. S. R., & Wäger, M. (2019). Building dynamic capabilities for digital transformation : An ongoing process of strategic renewal. Long Range Planning, 52(3), 326 349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.12.001

Winter, S. G. (2003). Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 24(10), 991 995. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.318

YahiaMarzouk, Y. (2025). Digital transformation in the healthcare sector : A novel strategic perspective. In JOURNAL OF HEALTH ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT (Vol. 39, Numéro 8, p. 1718 1753). EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-08-2024-0349

Younas, A., & Inayat, S. (2025). Choosing an Analytical Approach in Case Study Research. Creative Nursing, 31(1), 90 92. https://doi.org/10.1177/10784535241306773